IntroductionCategoryDetailsPhysical Properties– Molecular Weight: 2.016 g/mol– Density (Gas): 0
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| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Physical Properties | – Molecular Weight: 2.016 g/mol |
| – Density (Gas): 0.08988 kg/m³ (0°C, 1 atm); (Liquid): 70.8 kg/m³ (-253°C) | |
| – Boiling Point: -252.87°C (20.28 K) | |
| – Autoignition Temperature: 500°C (932°F) | |
| – Explosive Range: 4–75% volume in air (widest flammability range) | |
| Technical Specifications | – Purity: 99.999% (5.0 grade, electronics); 99.9999% (6.0 grade, research) |
| – Impurity Limits: O₂ ≤ 0.1 ppm, H₂O ≤ 0.5 ppm, CO ≤ 0.1 ppm (6.0 grade) | |
| – Pressure: 200–300 bar (compressed gas cylinders); 1 bar (vapor at 25°C) | |
| – Cylinder Sizes: 10L, 50L, 100L (compressed gas); 1.000–10.000 gallons (liquid) | |
| – Valve Types: CGA 350 (US), DIN 477 (EU), and JIS B 8241 (Japan) | |
| – Flow Rate: 0.1–100 SLPM (standard liters per minute) | |
| – Purity Analysis: GC-TCD (Gas Chromatography with Thermal Conductivity Detector) | |
| Key Applications | – Energy: Fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen combustion engines |
| – Chemicals: Ammonia production (Haber process), methanol synthesis | |
| – Electronics: Semiconductor doping, CVD precursors, and cooling | |
| – Metallurgy: Annealing, hydrogen embrittlement testing | |
| – Aerospace: Rocket fuel (liquid H₂/LOX mixtures) | |
| Safety Data | – CAS No.: 1333-74-0 |
| – UN Number: 1049 (compressed); 1966 (liquid) | |
| – NFPA 704: Health 0. Flammability 4. Reactivity 1 (oxidizing) | |
| – Fire Risk: Extinguish with dry chemical/CO₂; avoid water (may react with metals) | |
| – Leak Detection: Use catalytic bead sensors or ultrasonic detectors | |
| Storage & Handling | – Compressed Gas: Store in Type 4 composite cylinders (≤50°C); secure upright |
| – Liquid Hydrogen: Cryogenic dewars (vacuum-insulated); PPE required (cryogenic gloves, face shield) | |
| – Ventilation: Ensure airflow in enclosed spaces to prevent accumulation | |
| – Purging: Flush equipment with inert gas (N₂) before H₂ introduction | |
| Certifications | – ISO 14687: Hydrogen fuel quality |
| – ASTM D7650: Gaseous hydrogen storage and handling | |
| – OSHA 29 CFR 1910: Flammable gases regulations | |
| Environmental Impact | – Zero Emissions: Combustion produces H₂O (clean energy carrier) |
| – Production: Gray H₂ (methane reforming, CO₂ byproduct); Green H₂ (electrolysis, renewable energy) | |
| – Leak Mitigation: Vapor recovery systems; hydrogen sensors in storage | |
| Quality Control | – Traceability: Lot-specific certificates of analysis (COA) |
| – Leak Testing: Helium mass spectrometry (≤1×10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s) | |
| – Shelf Life: 24–36 months (certified stability when stored properly) |
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